Automatic molding press



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'Qwf/fffy'mmf EDWARD VAN DER F' YL E. VAN DER PYL AUTOMATIC MOLDING PRESS April 15, 1952 Filed May 29, 1948 my y l l l l 525`S 23a-M xx 9 m. MKM, :wlw l QZ 0 www 0 w |12 \\2 I1 3 5 SIF /V ll/ T5 s 9 4 Patented Apr. 15,A 1952 AUTOMATIC MOLDING PREss Edward Van derPyl, Holden, Mass., assignor to Norton Company, Worcester, Mass., a corporation of Massachusetts Application May 29, 1948, Serial No. 30,174

The invention relates to automatic molding presses particularly for the molding of grinding wheels especially, medium or large sizes of grinding wheels.

One object of the invention is to provide an automatic molding press which is highly e'icient for the molding of bodies in the shape of grinding wheels from the mixture of abrasive and vitriable bond. Another object of the invention is tc mold grinding wheels to substantially uniform density, top and bottom. Another object of the invention is to provide apparatus of the type indicated with top and bottom rams and hydraulic control for moving the rams at first under low pressure and finally under very high pressure. Another object of the invention is to provide, in a molding press, hydraulic apparatus whereby the mixture being molded is pressed at iirst under low pressure and whenever the mixture oliers a certain amount `of resistance, the pressure automatically increases. Another object of the invention is to provide a molding press having the characteristics indicated in the preceding object with top and bottom rams. Another cbject of the invention is to provide a molding press of the type indicated which can be readily changed to mold grinding wheels of different sizes. Another object of the invention is to provide a heavy duty press with top and bottom rams and hydraulic controls and system whereby the fluid to operate one ram is pumped by the other rams thus keeping the rams in step, which construction and mode of operation makes it possible to produce grinding wheels of uniform density molded to close tolerances. Another object of the invention is"to provide a molding press of the character indicated with transfer mechanism in the form of a hopper and a charging box which moves to and fro to carry the mixture of abrasive and bond from the storage hopper to the molding station, the transfer being synchronized with the molding automatically and continuously to `produce molded or "green grinding wheels one after the other so long as the apparatus is in operation and the hopper is `supplied with material.

Other objects will be in `part obvious or in part pointed out hereinafter.

In the accompanying drawings in which is shown one of various possible embodiments of the mechanical features of this invention:

Figure 1 is an elevation of a press constructed in accordance with the invention.

Figure 2 is a fragmentary sectional view of certain adjusting apparatus on an enlarged Scale,

the section being taken on the line 2--2 of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a sectional view on an enlarged scale of a portion of the hopper that holds the abrasive and bond materials, showing the filling opening and cap therefor.

Figure 4 is a plan view showing the hopper and showing the lower part of the press and the transfer mechanism, the rods which hold `the parts of the press together being shown in section taken along the line 4 4 of Figure 1.

Figure 5 is an enlarged sectionalview taken along the line 5 5 of Figure 4.

Figure 6 is a vertical axial fragmentary sectional view on an enlarged scaletaken along the line E- of Figure 4 and showing the mold parts, the rams and associated mechanism, the upper ram head being shown in elevation.

Figure 7 is a sectional View taken along the line l-l of Figure 6.

Figure 8 is a sectional view taken along the line 8-8 of Figure 6.

Figuer 9 is a sectional view taken along the line 9-9 of Figure 8.

Figures 10 and 11 are views similar toFigure 6 showing different stages of the operation of pressing a grinding wheel, Figure 10 illustrating the parts just after the mold has been lled, and Figure 11 illustrating the parts at the moment when the mold is completely closed and the grinding wheel has just been pressed.

Figure 12 is a vertical axial sectional view of the entire press and mold mechanism together with a fluid pressure diagram. f

Figure 13 is a view of the upper ram head partly in plan and partly in section along the line l3-l3 of Figure 6.

Figure 14 is a sectional view taken on the line lli- I4 of Figure 13.

Figure 15 is a vertical sectional view of the hopper and the charging mechanism to lill the charging box which fills the mold.

Figure 16 is an elevation of adjustment mechanism to adjust the chargingmechanism for different sizes of charging boxes, the view being taken from the line IB--IB of Figure 1.5.

Figure 17 is an elevation of a smaller size of charging box to replace the charging box shown in Figure 15.

Figure 18 is a view partly in elevation and partly in section of an operating device to actuate the pneumatic mechanism that operates the register to deposit a charge in the charging and certain parts connected thereto.

Figure 20 is a sectional view of a pneumatically operated piston and cylinder unit together with the valve and the piping therefor, and shows also the register for delivering a charge of material to the charging box, the register being in open position.

Figure 21 is a view of the register in closed position.

Figure 22 is an elevation of the piston and cylinder unit and connections to operate the charging box, the view being taken from the line 22-22 of Figure 4 and being on an enlarged scale.

Figure 23 is a sectional view taken on the line 23-23 of Figure 22.

Figure 24 is a sectional view taken on the line 24-24 of Figure 22.

Figure 25 is a View partly in elevation and partly in section of adjustable controlling mechanism located at the upper part of the press.

Figure 26 is a sectional view taken on the line 26-26 of Figure 25.

Figure 27 is an elevation of va control located near the bottom of the press.

Figure 28 is a sectional view taken on the line 284-28 of Figure 27.

' Figure 219 is a wiring diagram illustrating the electrical connections whereby the various limit switches operate the solenoids which in turn operate the valves as shown in Figure 12, and illustrating also the Vwiring diagramof a timer which can be used to create a dwell during loading of the mold. f

Figure 30 is a plan View of the timer.

Figure 31 is an elevation of the timer taken from the line 3 |-3I of Figure 30.

Figure 32 is a vertical sectional view of a portion of the timer taken from the line 32-32 of Figure 30.

Figures 33 to 40 inclusive are sectional views of the valves whose positions and functions in the hydraulic circuits are indi-cated in Figure l2.

Figure 41 is a vertical axial fragmentary sectional view along the lines of Figures 6, 10 and 11 illustrating equipment for the manufacture of cup-shaped wheels with the press of this invention. f

Figure 42 shows additional electrical mechanism in the form of a wiring diagram which modifies a portion of the wiring diagram of Figure 2 9 for operation of the press to mold such cup-shaped wheels.

Referring first to Figure 1 the press comprises a massive bed plate which rests upon a concrete foundation I 0| having a well |02, the shoulder |03 of the concrete foundation upon which the bed plate |00 rests being faced with protecting plates |04, and leveling bolts with nuts |05 being provided to adjust the bed plate |00 to a horizontalposition. An annular cover plate V||0 may be provided for the well |02 to keep dirt and tools out of the well and to provide a footing for the operator.

Extending through the bed plate |00 are a plun 4ralityrof massive rods I I, three being a preferred number. These rods I I are threaded :at the bottom and fitted with nuts I2 under the bed plate |00. `The rods near their upper ends have collars ||3 secured thereto and the rods extend through a massive cap |4 which is supported by the collars I I3. The rods are also threaded at the top and fitted with nuts i |5 above the cap ||4. The rods III with the nuts ||2 and ||5 4 thus hold the bed plate |00 and the cap |I4 from moving apart under the reactive force developed in operating the press.

Between the bed plate |00 and the cap ||4 is a massive mold table |20 through which the rods III extend and in which the pressing is done. This mold table |20 rests on sleeves |2I surrounding the rods III and extending to the bed plate On the upper side the table is held down by collars |22 on the rods I I.

Referring now to Figure 6, the mold table |20 has extending therethrough a large cylindrical bore |25 merging into a counterbore |26 and a further counterbore |21 on the upper side of the table |20, and merging into a counterbore |28 on the under side of the table |20. A large ring |30 fits the counterbore |28 and has, as shown also in Figure 7 a diametral portion |3| extending across it. The ring |30 with the diametral portion |3| is secured to the table |20 by means of screws |32. The ring |30 has a counterbore |33 on its upper side in which 4fits a ring |34. On this ring |34 rests a mold band |35 in which the grinding wheel is molded. The apparatus is constructed so that various sizes of mold bands can be used to make various sizes of grinding wheels, such various sizes of mold bands having cylindrical bores of different diameters.

The mold band |35 has shoulders |36 at each end and a ring 31 is secured against the upper shoulder |36 and also, as clearly shown in Figure 6, engages part of the cylindrical outer Vsurface of the mold band |35. The ring |31 ts the counterbores |26 and |21 :and is removably secured to the table |20 by means of screws |38. The reason for the lower shoulder |36 on the mold band |35 is so that the mold band can be reversed to distribute the wear thereon.

Referring now to Figure 12, extending through the bed plate |00 is a large cylinder |40 having a circumferential shoulder |4| resting on top of the bed plate |00. This cylinder |40 has an internal cylindrical bore |42 in which fits a large piston |43 having integral therewith a massive ram |45. The ram |45 rits in a packing sleeve |46 which is located in a cylinder head |41 which is cylindrical and has external screw threads |48 that engage internal screw threads inside the upper end of the cylinder |40. At the upper end of the sleeve |46 is a collar |50 resting against a slight shoulder |5| on the sleeve |46 and screws, not'shown, extending through the collar |50 and into the head |41 are used to force down the sleeve |46 in the bore of the head |41, the sleeve |46 on lthe outside and the bore in the head |41 having a slight taper tocompress the sleeve and make a close t between it and the ram |45. The cylinder |40 has, as better shown in Figure 1, lugs through which pass bolts |56 that extend into the bed plate |00, thus to hold the cylinder |40 down on the bed plate, but the thrust of the ram |45 develops a reaction on the cylinder |40 downwardly which is taken by the shoulder |4| on the bed plate |00.

Mounted upon the ram |45 is, as better shown in Figure 6, a ram head which is a massive circular plate to the bottom of which is attached, by boltsl not shown, a steel split ring |62 having an inwardly extending lip |63 engaging a groove |64 in the ram |45. The ram head |60, as clearly shown in Figure 6, has a fiat bottom which rests upon the flat top of the ram |45; thus an upward thrust of many tons can be imparted to the ram head |60.

`Still referring to Figure 6, in the mold band |35 is a mold bottom plate |10. A number of these may be provided, each one fitting in a particular mold band |35, in order that different sized grinding wheels may be molded by the machine. Usually such mold bottom plate has a central hole |1| in which slidably ts an arbor |12 for the purpose of forming a central hole in the grinding wheel. A` number of these arbors also may be provided `to t different sized holes |1| in the bottom plates |10 to produce grinding wheels With different sizes of central hole.

'I'he mold bottom plate |10 is removably secured to a pair of steel columns |15 by means of bolts |16. One of these steel columns |15 is shown in Figure 6, and both of them are shown in cross section in Figure 7. They are nearly semi-cylindrical in shape and are spaced far enough apart so that they can move freely on either side of the diametral portion |3i. The columns |15 are grooved with axial grooves |11 to accommodate a hub portion |18 of the diametral portion |3|. This hub `portion |18 has a tapped hole in which nts the reduced threaded end |80 of the arbor |12, whereby the arbor |12 is supported. The heads of the bolts |16 nt in cut-out portions |83 in the sides of the columns |15, the tops of said cut-out portions providing thrust surfaces for the heads of the bolts and the cut-out portions permitting access to the bolts |16.

Referring to Figure 9, the columns |15 have wide shoulders |85 which rest upon the flat top of the ram head |60 and `can transmit the thrust of many tons. Extending below the level of the shoulders |85 and into a cylindrical bore |81 in the ram head |60 are a pair of integral extensions |88 of the columns |15. These, as shown in Figure 8, are substantially semi-cylindrical sleeves and have the grooves |11 therein. They also have, as better shown in Figure 9, horizontal conical grooves |90 therein. In these grooves |99 nt the conical noses |9| of long bored plugs |92 which are located in long horizontal bores |93 in the ram head |60. 'I'he long bores |93 merge into reduced diameter bores |95 in which the plugs |92 t with a sliding fit. At the remote ends of the plugs |92 are enlarged portions |91 which fit the bores |93 with a sliding nt. These enlarged portions |91 are counterbored and fitting therein and pinned thereto by pins |99 are the counterbored ends of` nuts which are keyed by means of keys 202 to sleeves203 `fitting the bores |93 with a tight fit. Thus the nuts 29| cannot turn but they can transmit a horizontal thrust to the plugs |92.

Extending from one side of the ram head |60 to the other side thereof along a diameter and extending through the nuts 20| and the plugs |92 is a shaft 2|0 having bolt heads `2|| pinned thereto at the ends by means of pins 2|2. The portions Yof the shaft 2|9 just inside the heads 2li are screw threaded with threads 2|3 and 2| 4 of opposite hand to t the threads in the nuts 20|. It will now be seen that whenever a holt head 2|| is turned in a given direction, the noses 19| of the plugs |92 will be forced against the grooves |90 in the extensions |83 thus to lock the columns |15 to the ram head |60, but when the bolt head 2|| is turned in the opposite angular direction the plugs |92 are withdrawn and the columns |15 with the moldplate |10 can be lifted out for replacement of the plate |10 and, if desired, of the columns `|15 by similar parts of different sizes.

Referring again to Figure 12, supported by the cap ||4 is a` large upper cylinder 220 which is coaxial with the cylinder |40. The cap ||4 has a vertical bore 22| in which the cylinder 220 nts and the cylinder 220 has a shoulder 222 abutting the under side of the cap I |4 to take the thrust of many tons when the press is operating. Above the cap ||4 the cylinder 220 is threaded at 223 and `a nut 224 thereon holds the cylinder from falling.

In the cylinder 220 is a piston 225 operating a ram `226 to the bottom of which is attached a ram head `227|. Referring now to Figures 13 and 14, a multi-part collar 230 has a lip 23| extending into a groove 232 in the ram 226 and the collar 230 is attached to the ram head 221 by means of screws 233. L

To the ram head 221 is detachably secured a mold top plate 235 having a central axial bore 235 into which the` arbor |12 may extend during the molding operation, this bore 236 opening into a somewhat larger bore 231 to avoid binding or seizure of the parts. It will be noted that the downwardk thrust of the ram 226 of many tons is transmitted by a at bottomisurface of the ram of considerable area to the flat top of the massive ram head 221 and that the mold top plate 235 contacts the under surface of the ram head 221 over a large area. Thus a powerful downward thrust is readily transmitted `to the mold top plate 235.

For locking the mold top plate 235 to the ram head 221 so that the ram 226 can lift the plate 235 out of the mold, mechanism similar to that shown inFigure 6 and already described may be provided. Referring now `to Figure 13, the parts and features of this `locking mechanism are the same as already described in connection with Figure 6` for `locking the extensions |83 of the columns |15 to the ram head |60. Consequently, the description will not be repeated and it is noted that the same parts can be identified in Figure 13 that are shown in Figure 6 and have the same numbers. However, the long bores |93 are, in the ram head 221, slightly offset from a diameter and the fnoses 9| of the plugs |92 in thiscase engagea rounded annular groove 240 in an integral upward extension 25| of the mold top plate 235 in whichextension 24| the larger bore 231 is located. This extension 24| which except for the groove 240 has a cylindrical outer surface is located in a cylindrical vertical axial bore 243 in the ram head 221` and nts therein, with a close fit. The axis of the plugs |92 is slightly above the smallest diameter of the groove 240 so that as the plugs |92 are driven. towards each other by turning one of the bolt heads 2| I, the extension 24| will be urged upwardly thus to attain a tight clamping action.

In order to guide the ram 225 in the cylinder 220 and to form a stuiing box so that the fluid under pressure which lifts 'the piston `225 shall not escape there is provided, as shown in Figure 12, a packing sleeve 250 in the cylinder 220 and around the ram 225, the packing sleeve 250 having a shoulder 25| engaged by a collar 252 which is bolted by means of bolts. not shown, to the cylinder 22 0.

Referring now to Figures 1, 4, 6, 10, l1 and 12, and rst referring to Figure 10, secured to the top of the ram head |59 are a plurality of blocks 255 which are bored and in which are secured vertically extendingl cylindrical posts 258. These posts 250 are drilled and tapped at their upper ends to form threaded holes 259 into which are screwed integral threaded projections 260 of cylindrical posts 26| which have similar threaded holes 262 receiving similar threaded projections 283 of short cylindrical posts 264. The posts 26! and 264 have spanner wrench holes 265 so that they can be readily turned. Various additional posts of varying length may be provided so that composite posts of the desired height can be readily assembled. In this case there are shown three composite posts and in any case all the composite posts in use should be of the same height, that is at any time the three are of the same height but Vcan be replaced by three other composite posts of a height that is the same for all of such'three but different from that of the rst three.

As clearly shown in Figures and 1l, the table |26 has vertical cylindrical bores 218 which are aligned with the composite posts and are of a size to permit the composite posts to pass readily through them. Thus as shown in Figure 1l, the upper ram head 221 finally contacts the composite posts 258, 26|, 264 and thus limits the pressing action. It will be noted that the composite posts are massive and together they can resist the pressure of many tons.

Referring now to Figure l, the floor of the building above the press is indicated by the numeral 21|, this floor being supported by joists 212. Referring also to Figure 3, bolts 213 extend through the floor 21| and below it and by means thereof and of nuts 214 a large sheet metal hopper 215 is attached to the under side of the loor 21|Y which is ofcourse the ceiling of the room in which the press is located. This hopper 215 is charged with a suitable mixture of abrasive grain and bond from Awhich grinding wheels are to be molded by the automatic press. The hopper 215 has a top plate 282 in which is an opening 283 surrounded by a charging neck 284 which may be cylindrical as shown and a cap or cover 285 seats in the oor 21| just above the neck 284, the cap 285 having a depending skirt 285 surrounding the neck 284 leaving, howevena slight clearance to prevent the formation of a partial vacuum in the hopper 215 which might retard the ow of material therein. The hopper is of course charged by removing the cap 285 and then shovelling or pouring the material into the neck 284.

As shown in Figures l and 15, the hopper 215 tapers toward the bottom and finally merges into a vertical cylindrical. pipe 290 on the bottom end of which is telescopically mounted a slightly larger vertical cylindrical pipe 23|, the pipe 29| having a collar 292 secured thereto through which pass set screws 293 which may be tightened to secure together the pipes 293 and 29| in a desired position of adjustment. The pipe 23S ts inside of the cylindrical neck 295 of a sheet metal container 296 which is cylindrical at the lower portion 231 and conical at the portion 238 between said lower portion 251 and the neck 295. The container 296 fits snugly in a holder 388 which has a cylindrical portion 35i fitting the outside of the cylindrical portion 281 and a shoulder' 382 supporting the bottom of the container 291. The holder 388 has an arm 383 which has a split hub 364 mounted on the top of a shaft 385 and clamped thereto by means of bolts 386 extending through the split. See now also Figure 16. The shaft 355 extends through a split sleeve 3| having an integral iiat portion 3|| which is secured by bolts 3i2 to an extension 3|3 of the table |28. This extension 3|3 is a frame comprising a flat top 3M and side pieces SI5 and 3|6 made from fiat metal and suitably curved, the pieceY 3|6 being welded to the edge of the table |28. The sleeve 3|@ can be clamped to hold the shaft 305 rigidly in any desired position of vertical adjustment by tightening a bolt 3|1 through the split. When the bolt 3|1 is loosened the shaft may be raised or lowered by turninga spoke wheel SES on the end of a shaft 3|3 which has keyed thereto a pinion gear 326 meshing with a, rack 32| secured to the shaft 385 and inset therein in a long slot 322. The shaftY 3| 3 is journalled in bearings 323 provided by the sleeve 3 i 0.

Referring now to Figures l5, 2) and 2l, depending from the holder 336V are a plurality of integral lugs 338 to which is fastened a stationary register 33| in the form of a plate having a plurality of radial cut-outs 332 in the shape of sectors. Supported by the stationary register 33| is an angularly movable register 333 having also a plurality of radial cut-outs 334 in the shape of sectors. By turning the register 333 until the sectors 332 and 334i are in register, material contained in the container 2316 can pass therefrom into a charging box 335 which will be more fully described hereinafter. By turning the register 333 until the cut-outs 334 are staggered with relation to the cut-outs 332, material is prevented from flowing out of the container 235. Figure 2l shows the cut-outsout of register, that is in the closed position. Figure 20 shows the cutouts in register, that is to say in the open position. Asl shown in-Figure i5 a` small cone .335 is secured by a bolt 331 to the movable register 333 and the head of the bolt 335 acts as a trunnion tting in a hole in the stationary register 33|.

Referring now to Figure 4 and. Figure 20, automatic iiuid pressure apparatus is provided for moving the register 333 to the open and. closed positions respectively. An arm 34|) integral with the register 333 is connected by a pin 33| to a link 332 which is connected to the end of a piston rod 343 by means of a pin 345. The piston rod 333 extends through a stufiing box nut 335 and through a stuffing box head 355 having packing 361 into a cylinder 3138 having at the other end a head 349. In the cylinder 348 on the piston rod 343 is a piston 353. A source of air under pressure is connected by a pipe 35| having a hand valve 352 to a T union 353 to which are connected hoses 354 and 355. 354 is connected to port 356 extending through one end of the cylinder 343 as shown. The hose 355 is connected to a Iport 351 in a valve casing 358 which may be integral with the cylinder 348. Extending the length ofthe valve casing 358 is a cylindrical valve chamber 35 in which is a valve piston 4366 with a reduced diameter portion 38|. The valve piston 358 has a piston rod 362 which extends through a head 353 blocking one end of the valve chamber 359. Contacting the other end of the piston 358 is a spring 365 which is held in the chamber 359 by a head 366 blocking the other end of the chamber 359. A port 361 extends into the chamber where the spring 355 is located, thus to prevent entrapped air from blocking movement of the piston valve 366. When the piston valve 3153 is in the position illustrated in Figure 20, the reduced portion 36| connects a, 'portV 318, leading to the outside air, to a port 31| in the casing 353 which is connected to a long passage 312 and then to a port 313 extending to the inside of the cylinder 348 adjacent the head 333. This drops the pressure in the cylinder 348 adjacent the head 349 to atmospheric. But at all times when the The hose l 

